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Working Principles of Steel Dams

Mrs. Wendy June 25, 2025
1. Structural Composition Basics
A steel dam is mainly composed of a steel - structured body, foundation components, hydraulic or mechanical operating mechanisms, and water - sealing devices. The steel - structured body is the main part for ，which is usually made of high - strength steel plates welded or bolted together. For example, in some small - to - medium - sized steel dams, Q345B steel is commonly used due to its good comprehensive mechanical properties.
1.1 Foundation
The foundation of a steel dam is crucial as it bears the entire weight of the dam and the huge water pressure. It is often made of reinforced concrete or steel - concrete composite structures. In soft soil foundation conditions, pile foundations may be used. For instance, in a steel dam project in a coastal area with soft soil, driven piles made of steel or pre - stressed concrete are first installed, and then a thick layer of reinforced concrete is poured on top to form a stable foundation platform for the steel dam. The foundation is designed to ensure that the dam does not experience excessive settlement or displacement under the action of water pressure.
1.2 Steel - structured Body
The steel - structured body of the dam can be designed in different forms, such as plate - type and truss - type. Plate - type steel - structured bodies are simple in structure and easy to manufacture. They are suitable for dams with relatively small water heads. In a river regulation project with a water head of about 5 - 8 meters, a plate - type steel - structured body is adopted. The steel plates are connected by high - strength bolts, and stiffeners are welded on the inner side of the plates to enhance the structural strength and stability. Truss - type steel - structured bodies are more suitable for large - span and high - water - head situations. They can effectively reduce the self - weight of the structure while maintaining high bearing capacity.
1.3 Operating Mechanisms
There are two main types of operating mechanisms for steel dams: hydraulic and mechanical. Hydraulic operating mechanisms are widely used due to their advantages of smooth operati

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